Epigenetic changes to our genes, assisted by non-coding DNA are just as important as genetic changes in coding DNA which determines when and where genes are switched on and off to produce a person. It refers to changes in phenotype or gene expression caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence or Changes in gene expression affect us throughout our lives, not just during fertilization and development. The main epigenetic regulatory mechanisms are histone modifications and DNA methylation. Recently, studies have demonstrated that these processes are acting together in concert to regulate gene Expression like DNA methylation and Histone are sites of reversible post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation in future cancer therapy. It is chemical modifications of genes that are heritable from one cell generation to the next and that affects gene expression but do not alter the DNA sequence. Human Epigenome project aims to identify and catalogue all of the DNA methylation patterns and histone modification in chromatin across the human genome and identify which ones are associated with disease and to imagine the possibilities that it could bring for the future of medicine in cancer.
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